Rise of China – The Economic Revolution that made China a Superpower

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The conclusion to our Rise of China series follows the nation’s transformation into the superpower we see today.

In the wake of Mao Zedong’s death, Deng Xiaoping takes control and attempts to forge a new path for the People’s Republic. His reforms promise a brave new future, as China opens up to the world, transforms its economy and improves the living standards of its people. 

But China’s transformation will only be allowed to go so far. When popular protests erupt in 1989, the Tiananmen Square massacre becomes a startling reminder of China’s authoritarian government – one that survives to the present day.

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Thank you to our series historical consultant, Dr. Lily Chang of University College London. Find out more about her research and teaching here: https://www.ucl.ac.uk/history/people/academic-staff/dr-lily-chang

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🎶 Music: Filmstro | Music is for everyone | https://filmstro.com/royalty-free-music/

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Thank you to chineseposters.net. To see more of their collection, head to https://chineseposters.net

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📚 Recommended reading:
“The Penguin History of Modern China: the Fall and Rise of a Great Power, 1850 to the Present” by Jonathan Fenby – US: https://bookshop.org/a/99532/9780141988450 / UK: https://uk.bookshop.org/a/12275/9780141988450
“The Cambridge Illustrated History Of China” by Patricia Buckley Ebrey – US: https://bookshop.org/a/99532/9781009151443 / UK: https://uk.bookshop.org/a/12275/9781009151443
“Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China” by Ezra F. Vogel – US: https://bookshop.org/a/99532/9780674725867 / UK: https://uk.bookshop.org/a/12275/9780674725867

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34 Comments

  1. Join us on Nebula to watch every new episode of our new World War Two series first, with 40% off a lifetime subscription using our link: https://go.nebula.tv/lifetime?ref=epichistorytv
    We hope you enjoy the finale to our Rise of China series. Big thanks to our series historical consultant, Dr Lily Chang.
    And a huge thank you as always to all our Patreon supporters. Get exclusive production updates, votes on future topics, as well as ad-free, early access to all our new videos by signing up here: https://www.patreon.com/EpicHistoryTV.
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  2. It's pretty ironic that the US thought that opening capitalist markets would liberalise China and with time we've only seen the US get more authoritarian and sectarian to defend its economic ruling class and interests abroad. That's history for you. A bad joke

  3. 我看懂了,英语老师教过我,but后面的句子才是作者想表达的观点。所以but at what cost?
    中国是否自由和民主不需要西方来判断,而是中国人自己判断。整个非洲和拉美都是学的西方政治,但是几十年多年过去了,没有一个国家能有中国现在的成就。或许8964时中国人是真的向往西方的政治制度,但如今的中国已经没多人觉得西方的制度更好了,尤其是南边还有个和中国人口和建国时间都差不多的印度作对比。况且中国仍是发展中国家,国内存在许多矛盾,比起陷入战乱和无尽的内斗,我们可以接受放弃一些政治权利。我不知道西方这么热衷于推翻共产党是真的为了民主自由,还是想念100年前的大清了。

  4. 对于1989年天安门事件我还是想说,中国大陆对这件事已经完全封杀没有任何信息,所有相关信息都来自于西方媒体,解释权也在他们手中。
    1、天安门事件的领导者事后潜逃美国,事实证明这件事背后有西方势力支持,完全就是一场赤裸裸由西方发起的颜色革命。
    2、在苏联解体后又一大批社会主义国家拥抱资本主义,如今来看结果不尽人意。中国政府如果在1989年妥协进行政治改革,那么绝没有如今的成就。只会在低生产力的同时,陷入无尽的政治内斗。
    3、这件事情目前几乎所有的信息都来自于西方媒体,而中国国内在事件的亲历者中也有不同的声音。是学生组成反革命叛乱群体,先对解放军烧杀,已经进入到了武力冲突,此时一定是需要军队平叛的。

  5. Nothing short of a masterpiece, i really hope you do a part for the great Xi Jinping. China through hardship and unity, has just reclaimed its natural position of a world super power

  6. Here in Western Europe we now get political repression, censorship and surveillance, along with suppression of fertility and mass abortion.
    All without economic prosperity or positive reform.

    Quite the social contact, we also have entrenched corruption of the highest levels, total disregard for justice in the legal system, an a pervasive institutional culture of irresponsibly, that incompetence is not the responsibility of incompetent people and thus there will be no punishment beyond vague apologies, all real punishments in western states are reserved for the victims.

    On top of this you have ethnocide of the native people's and cultures of Europe and an invasion by the ruling class of hostile enemy people's, the very same people that all European states aligned to fight throughout the last millennia of history.

    China is certainly a more representative and less malicious state than those of Europe and the European settler colonies in North America and Australasia.
    It responds to poverty and crime by actually combating them, rather than using them as a cover for financial fraud and criminal corruption.
    It is not wonder that they have been able to catch up, the West is in its own century of humiliation, one which beyond global prestige or living standards, poses an existential threat to the races and people's of Europe themselves.

    A government or imperial system (as America truly is) is only legitimate through action, not only does the current system do evil, it is evil in its intentions. To target your own people for repression while allowing lawlessness in others is a clear proclamation that you are yourself a foreign occupying force, even if your core is drawn from traitors rather than the enemy themselves. Indeed it is always a much worse thing to be subject to traitors than enemies.

  7. 😮‍💨I feel that our nation's affairs are a damn mess, and no matter how we try to clean it up, the problems remain huge. But at least one thing is clear: China needs NO EMPERORS, not under any circumstances. What the people should oppose most is autocracy, which has plagued the nation for over two thousand years, directly and indirectly causing the deaths of hundreds of millions. As for modern civilized concepts like democracy and the rule of law, perhaps they can be promoted GRADUALLY, as long as we don't go backwards.

    A bad international situation may lead to a further expansion of state power. It is likely to achieve its goals in short term, but the damage to democracy will cause disasters in the long run.

  8. It is amazing the stuff that gets said in this video. Were the makers of Epic History born and raised in the US and Britain? If they were educated in the US or Britain then do they really believe a man like Deng has anything idea how to create a modern industrial society? Can a loyal communist hardliner of Mao Zedong who ruled China with the absolute power of former Emperors lead China into the modern world? Deng Shao-ping understands the violence of war. He was Mao Zedong's foot soldier. He helped Mao kill Chinese republicans. He does not know anything about the modern world. Deng is cast from the same mold as all Chinese Communists. Deng knows his ability to govern China comes from the violence his army can inflict on the Chinese people. The Chinese Communists have a basic traditional Chinese education. By basic traditional Chinese education I mean elementary school level by US, British, and French standards. Plus they do not know anything about democracy, republicanism, and liberalism. These ideas do not exist in traditional Chinese philosophy. Most of traditional Chinese education is based on memorization. Memorization is the traditional way Chinese have learned. It is like Islamic students memorizing the Quran. Much of traditional Chinese education is to study Chinese myths and legends of classic Chinese literature. Chinese philosophy has been distorted and revised by the Emperors of China. The absolute power of Chinese Emperors have fostered Chinese philosophy that benefit imperial rule and annihilated Chinese philosophy that questioned imperial rule. In large part Chinese traditional education is like religion, blind faith and unquestioning obedience.
    Deng has no idea how to create the modern world and a free-market-capitalistic trading system. Deng knows his army allows him to govern China by killing the students who demanded democratic representation at Tiananmen Square. The modern world is based on a fairer, more objective, and open society. The Chinese Communist Party is the antithesis of the modern world. This video documentary proves any buffoon can say anything no matter how ridiculous.

  9. When we look back now, we know it was a classic colour revolution back in the late 1980s. We can check out those who fled to the West after 1989 and see what they have been doing for the past decades. Time is long enough to reveal the reality to us.
    The chaos in the late 1980s (not just in 1989) was actually caused by the double-track price system policy, and I rarely see people explaining this on YouTube (and any Western public media). After that, the economic reform was suspended for a few years until 1992, the Southern Visit, and Deng made a speech (we name it Deng Xiaoping's Talks in the South).
    Mao had conflicts with Deng and Liu Shaoqi back in the 1960s over economic reforms, as it would inevitably introduce capitalism back into China, which eventually led to the Cultural Revolution.
    Btw, Jiang Zemin was promoted as he suppressed protests in Shanghai in 1989 and no news on it just because there was no room for a horrifying dictatorship story to make up. Instead, the CIA finds Falungong.
    CPC has done very well documentation on the Party history study, and Western scholars just don't trust it for no reason. Many would rather believe in Gordon Chang.🤣

  10. 看完了,我知道这个视频受限于时长,有很多事情都被忽略或者简化了。事实上,这个视频可能只能代表非中国人的视角,在中国人看来有很多重要的事情里面没有提起,有些提及了,但有明显的立场倾向。但只作为非常基础的,了解的话应该是没有问题的。

  11. It is so absolutely bewildering to me hearing quotes from an 84-year old talking about revolution while being in power for decades.
    It may be a very euro-centric view but in my mind chinese socialism is one of the greatest oxymorons which i cant seem to comprehend – on one hand you have this big equalizing ideology and on the other hand you have the reality of a totalitarian regime under which the population has absolutely no direct say in whats happening. But at the same time there is very little unrest which could overturn this regime (except for the Xinjiang and tibet population of course).

  12. 我是中国人,以前听说过天安门的事情,视频作者说天安门事件死了很多人,但是实际上并没有提供任何军队在天安门杀人的相关照片,据我所知也确实没有找到相关的图片,这一直是我一直对于天安门事件非常疑惑的地方,若是真的杀死很多人,估计全世界都会谴责中国,怎么可能连直接的图片都没有呢,这显然非常不合理,我难以置信

  13. Without Deng's reform, my parent and I would probably still be peasants, like my grandparents. We wouldn't be allowed to leave our agricultural life for the city because of the rigid Hukou system. Now I'm watching this video in Europe. This fact speaks for itself.

  14. Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping were both complex figures, but without their contributions, China would not have achieved what it has today. Regardless, both Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping were great men.

  15. 整支影片都在默认一个前提、模糊一个核心问题:民主是否意味着繁荣
    一个显而易见的基本事实是,民主意味着冷战时期的西方阵营援助,尤其在80年代后期,这几乎等同于必然的、暂时的繁荣
    但这就足以证明,民主等同于繁荣的前提吗?
    影片以中国大陆与台湾在冷战末期的选择为对比,并指出了当时的变化,试图以此证明民主化的实用性,然而却刻意回避了这样一个事实:台湾、韩国、新加坡等等典型的儒家文化区,其经济奇迹都建立在强权而非民主之上,日本的政治由几大家族保持,第一位平民首相高市女士只用了不足月就创造了GDP负数、股币债三重衰落的大好前景。甚至“儒家文化区”都是多余的,欧洲与美国崛起为世界霸主时不存在今日的所谓人权,无论种族性别平等或是全民福利在当时都是不可想象的,美国人再怎么否定,事实都是他们憎恨的小罗斯福让美国成为世界的灯塔。像是“台积电在今天已经成为区域重要产业”这样的描述,哄一哄对政治完全无知的文盲还好,台湾今天除了满口台积电还能说出什么?
    我直接说结论吧:迄今为止,在近现代有且只有一种体制被反复证明是实用而有效的,即基于威权的资本主义。
    邓小平深知这点,这就是他在经济与政治领域所做决策的理由——“实践是唯一的真理”,而唯一被实践证明的真理就是威权+资本这坨狗屎体制,狗屎但却是那么的有效,以至于美国绕了一个大圈却不得不走回来,以至于强如欧洲失去它后逐渐成为世界上无足轻重的二三流势力。
    如果您推崇民主,请推崇民主本身,而不要试图用经济的繁荣去哄骗实用主义者,因为几百年的近代史与全球几个主要大洲已经反复证明了,从来就不存在“民主,所以繁荣”这般因果。

  16. 可以讲讲习近平时代的扶贫攻坚,这个事还是挺难搞的,不过确实很牛逼,现在农村几乎都能开车直达了,我小时候回农村还要自己翻山越岭

  17. 邓小平解决了中国没有犹太人的问题:
    他让胡乱邦放出来太多不该放出来的恐怖分子、分裂主义野心家,以及最恶心的满遗贵族,至今都是中国最恶心的隐患

  18. I've always found Deng interesting. Every piece of footage and image of him just has his face scream; "i'm to old for this BS, let's fix it" and by all accounts thats basically how he was. Which is so odd when you take into account how people are usually very poltically minded inside authoritarian regimes as to not find themselves on the wrong end of things. Guy was pretty brave to make such radical changes so soon after the horrors of the not too distant past. I like to think he just really was sick of all the nonsense and just made it his life work to fix it, and did.

  19. 很显然,这个频道讲到新中国的历史就开始为了抹黑而抹黑,一会儿说毛泽东做得怎么怎么不好,下一个视频马上又说他做到好不应该反对,就纯纯左右脑互博,讲历史应该客观,但你却增加一系列主观评价进去,意欲何为?再来就是你讲的64政治风波,你声称有什么屠杀,可是放的短片没有一个有记录到所谓屠杀的画面,证据哪来呢?还有一个所谓的入侵越南,你是没看到越南之前在边境如何挑衅如何杀害中国边民是吧?就你这种频道还配做历史科普?